Solvent Substitution in Industrial Formulations
A technical approach to solvent substitution without compromising performance
The challenge: Performance vs. Regulation
Across the chemical industry, solvent selection is under increasing pressure. Regulatory frameworks targeting volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combined with stricter workplace safety requirements and customer expectations, are forcing formulators to reconsider traditional solvent systems by solvent substitution projects.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated solvents such as acetone and other ketones, gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and other VOC materials have long been valued for their strong solvency and evaporation. However, these same properties often contribute to:
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- High VOC emissions
- Low flash points and flammability risks
- Hazard classifications and labeling requirements
- Occupational exposure concerns
- Environmental impact in use and disposal
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For technical development teams, the core difficulty is clear: How to maintain or improve performance while moving away from these established solvent systems. Solvent substitution is therefore not a simple replacement exercise - it is a formulation challenge requiring a detailed understanding of solvency, compatibility, process conditions, and end-use requirements.
At ESTI CHEM, we work with customers to address this challenge through a structured and experience-based approach.
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Replacement of aromatic hydrocarbons
Replacing aromatics requires attention to several parameters such as solvency balance (e.g., Hansen solubility parameters), evaporation profile, and material compatibility (plastics, elastomers, coatings).
In many cases, a direct “drop-in” solvent substition replacement is not feasible, but a tailor-made solvent systems must be designed. ESTI CHEM is providing vegetable-derived ester solvents, such as the ESTISOL® range, offering several alternatives to aromatic hydrocarbons. The ESTISOLs offer significant benefits such as significantly lower volatility compared to aromatics, low environmental toxicity, and good biodegradability, applied as full replacements for aromatic solvents, or in combination with other components such as dearomatized hydrocarbons.
Reduced VOC formulations
Reducing VOC content is often a key driver for reformulation, but it is about much more than simply meeting regulatory requirements. Lowering VOC levels can significantly affect evaporation, drying time, film formation, and overall product performance. Depending on the application, these changes can create both challenges and opportunities.
The key to successful VOC reduction by solvent substitution is therefore to find the right balance between reducing VOC content and maintaining - or even improving - technical performance.
Safer alternatives in industrial cleaning
Safer solvents are required for industrial cleaning, as it is one of the most solvent-intensive applications - but is often challenging to reformulate or make a solvent substitution.
Traditional cleaning systems frequently rely on traditional solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons, MEK, acetone, NMP, and d-limonene. These solvents provide strong solvency but come with safety, regulatory, and handling challenges.
Ester solvents and formulated cleaning systems developed by ESTI CHEM have been successfully applied to replace many of these traditional solvents. Examples of documented applications include replacement of hydrocarbon-based degreasers, and substitution of NMP, MEK & acetone, and similar high-risk solvents in resin processing.
Key observed benefits include increased flash point and reduced flammability risk, improved working environment and reduced CLP labelling, and effective cleaning performance.
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Ester-based solvent systems
Ester-based solvents represent a distinct class of materials with properties that differ significantly from traditional hydrocarbons. ESTI CHEM deliberately refers to these as “safer solvents” rather than “green solvents,” emphasizing that responsible handling and correct application remain essential.
ESTISOL® esters produced by ESTI CHEM are designed to offer high solvency across a wide polarity range, good wetting properties, and a high boiling points and a low vapor pressure. Depending on the structure (saturated vs. unsaturated, chain length), esters can be tailored to specific applications in solvent substitution projects.
ESTISOL® solvents can function in multiple roles: primary solvent, co-solvent in blended systems, carrier fluid, or solvency enhancer in industrial cleaners and degreasers, coatings and inks, and lubricants and oilfield chemicals.
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Solvent choice: Beyond substitution
Effective solvent substituion requires a multi-parameter approach. Focusing on a single property - such as VOC content - can lead to suboptimal formulations. When evaluating solvent systems, we recommend considering:
1. Solvency
- Ability to dissolve target materials
- Compatibility with formulation components
2. Flash point
- Impact on safety classification
- Suitability for heated processes
3. Volatility
- Drying time and process speed
- Emission profile
4. Rinsibility
- Ease of removal in cleaning applications
- Residue control
5. Material compatibility
- Interaction with plastics, elastomers, and coatings
6. Regulatory & classification aspects
- CLP labeling
- Exposure limits
- Transport and storage requirements
A structured approach to solvent substitution
At ESTI CHEM, solvent substitution is approached as a collaborative development process rather than a product sale. Our typical workflow is a described below
1. Understanding the application
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- Contaminants, substrates, process conditions
- Current formulation and performance targets
2. Screening alternatives
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- Identification of suitable ester-based or hybrid systems
- Laboratory testing and benchmarking
3. Formulation optimization
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- Adjustment of solvent blends and additives
- Performance validation
4. Implementation support
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- Scale-up considerations
- Process adaptation if required
Why work with ESTI CHEM ?
At ESTI CHEM, our experience with solvent technology goes back decades.
It began with the early adoption and development of vegetable ester solvents and has since expanded to replacing both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons across a wide range of applications.
Along the way, we have gained practical insight into the challenges that come with formulation development - and the trade-offs that often need to be considered.
Because in solvent technology, experience is not only about knowing what works. It is also about understanding why a solution works in one formulation - and not necessarily in another.
Working closely with our customers, we combine technical expertise and practical formulation experience to identify solutions that meet specific performance, regulatory and operational requirements.
Moving forward
The shift away from VOC-heavy solvent systems is ongoing and, in many cases, unavoidable
However, it also creates opportunities to improve:
- Product safety
- Environmental performance
- Process robustness
Ester-based solvent systems are a proven part of this transition - but their successful implementation depends on formulation expertise and application understanding.
If you are currently facing challenges with VOC solvents in your products, and you want to carry out a solvent substitution, ESTI CHEM can support your development process with both materials and technical insight.
We invite you to engage with us to evaluate practical alternatives tailored to your application
Four reasons to do business with us
More than 30 years of experience
ESTI CHEM has more than 30 years of experience in the development of sustainable products based on natural raw materials.
We help customers transforming their products to fit the needs of the future.
Short time delivery and a reliable supply chain
ESTI CHEM knows the importance of timely access to raw materials.
A broad range of our products are available from stock, and our supply chain team is ready to assist you.
We deliver samples, technical information & support
Development of new formulations can be a bumpy road with many challenges on the way.
ESTI CHEM will assist you with product samples, technical information & support during the development process
Reach out for our customerservice here: customerservice@estichem.com
Certified ISO 9001 - 14001 – 45001 – RSPO – Rated ECOVADIS Platinum
ESTI CHEM is certified according to ISO 9001, 14001, 45001, and RSPO.
We are Platinum-rated by Ecovadis on sustainability.
Our processes are well-documented and focused on providing service and support to our customers.